BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF ANTI DIABETIC EFFECTS OF GINKGOLIDE B IN EXPERIMENTALDIABETIC ANIMALS

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin production, secretion, or resistance. Despite advances in treatment, the global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Ginkgolide B, a bioactive compound derived from Ginkgo biloba, has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are closely linked to diabetes management. This study evaluated the pharmacological effects of Ginkgolide B as an antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, diabetic control, Glibenclamide-treated group (5 mg/kg), and two Ginkgolide B-treated groups (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg). Key parameters, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, antioxidant activity, and paw edema, were assessed alongside histopathological evaluations. Treatment with Ginkgolide B significantly lowered FBG levels in diabetic rats, with the higher dose (10 mg/kg) reducing FBG from a baseline average of 311 mg/dL to 155 mg/dL by day 21. Lipid profile analysis revealed an increase in triglycerides and HDL levels in Ginkgolide B-treated groups, particularly at the higher dose. Ginkgolide B also exhibited potent antioxidant activity, achieving 70% radical scavenging at a concentration of 50 µg/mL, comparable to ascorbic acid. Additionally, Ginkgolide B reduced paw edema in the anti-inflammatory assessment, with effects comparable to those of indomethacin at higher dosages. These findings indicate that Ginkgolide B possesses antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-modulatory effects in diabetic rats. This suggests its potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes management. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its mechanisms of action and assess its efficacy in clinical settings.

Keywords:
Ginkgolide B, diabetes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid profile, oxidative stress.