Investigating the Impact of Cultural Practices on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in hospital Settings in Pakistan

Abstract

This research examines the impact of cultural practices on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in rural Pakistan, where traditional beliefs significantly influence healthcare decisions and outcomes. Despite ongoing initiatives to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality, rural regions continue to face elevated mortality rates, largely driven by entrenched cultural practices. These include reliance on traditional birth attendants, home births, restrictive dietary practices, and the avoidance of medical care. A qualitative research design was employed, involving interviews, focus group discussions, and surveys with pregnant women, mothers, healthcare providers, and traditional birth attendants from rural Punjab. Thematic content analysis was used to identify prevalent cultural practices and their conflicts with medical recommendations. Key harmful practices identified include the preference for herbal remedies over prescribed medications and the avoidance of prenatal care. The findings suggest that while medical complications are a primary driver of healthcare decisions, cultural factors also significantly shape the choices made by individuals. Certain cultural practices, such as delayed breastfeeding and unsterilized cord care, are linked to serious health risks. The study concludes that culturally sensitive healthcare interventions, which respect local traditions while integrating evidence-based medical practices, are essential to improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes in rural Pakistan. It calls on policymakers and healthcare providers to address these cultural practices to improve the health and well-being of mothers and newborns.

Keywords: Cultural practices, maternal health, neonatal outcomes, rural Pakistan.