THE ROLE OF MICROBIAL GENETICS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, MEDICINE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Abstract

This study aims to elucidate the role of microbial genetics in biotechnology, medicine and environmental sustainability. Other purpose of the reviewis to understand how the genetic information of microorganisms helps in treating diseases, developing new drugs and reducing environmental pollution. This opens up avenues for future research. Microbial genetics is essential for the advancement of biotechnology, health, and environmental sustainability. Scientists are able to create microbes for a number of applications, including the production of drugs, biofuels, and biodegradable materials, by comprehending their genetic composition and functions. A comprehensive review of microbial genetics in relation to biotechnology, medicine, and environmental sustainability used multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. **Microbial genetics** is rapidly gaining importance in biotechnology, medicine, and environmental sustainability in Pakistan. Pakistani scientists are developing new vaccines, antibiotics, and industrial products by understanding the genetic makeup of microbes. This research is helping to increase agricultural productivity, reduce environmental pollution, and better diagnose and treat diseases. The research analyzed scientific papers, experimental studies, and review reports on the topic to examine the evolution and practical applications of microbial genetic knowledge from multiple perspectives. In medicine, microbial genetics aids in the development of vaccines, gene therapies, and antibiotics that enhance disease prevention and treatment. Furthermore, genetically modified microorganisms promote environmental sustainability by helping with waste management and bioremediation. By outlining significant advancements in microbial genetics and its interdisciplinary influence, this study highlights the potential of microbial innovations to address global challenges in business, health, and environmental preservation. This study demonstrates that microbial genetics plays a fundamental role in biotechnology, medicine, and environmental sustainability. Genetic research on microorganisms enables better diagnosis and treatment of diseases, can lead to the development of new vaccines and drugs, while also helping to reduce pollution and conserve natural resources.

Keywords: Gene editing, horizontal gene transfer, Drug resistance, bacterial DNA